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Availability

Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

The potential health and economic impact of introducing the vaccine candidate VPM1002 to prevent tuberculosis disease in low- and middle-income countries

2026
VPM1002
This study estimates the potential health and economic impact of introducing the TB vaccine candidate VPM1002 in 79 low- and middle- income countries. It models routine vaccination and vaccination campaigns, estimating TB cases and deaths averted and the cost-effectiveness of different introduction scenarios. It provides evidence for decisions about the potential future introduction and scale-up of VPM1002

The potential impact of novel tuberculosis vaccine introduction on economic growth in low- and middle-income countries

2023
Hypothetical vaccines
Estimates the potential economic impact of introducing novel TB vaccines in 105 low- and middle- income countries. It compares ifnant and adolescents/ adult vaccination scenarios and models their effects on TB- related mortality, morbidity, healthcare costs and GDP. Finding support decision making on the future development and introduciton of novel TB vaccines

Advancing evidence-informed in-country decision-making for new TB vaccine introduction: A responsive and integrated vaccine modelling approach from India

Hypothetical vaccines
As new TB vaccines move into late-stage development, it is imperative for high-burden countries like India to ensure timely and effective evidence-generation to inform decision-making and accelerate vaccine development and introduction. To enable this, an in-country vaccine mathematical modelling effort has been initiated in India.

Part of Change 2.0

2024-2027
Hypothetical vaccines
Actionable market intelligence, including vaccine demand forecast/scenarios, generated to strategically guide manufacturers and partners in their planning for introduction in high burden countries. The objectives include: 1. Strategic assessment of appropriate market-shaping interventions, 2.Stakeholder and decision process mapping , 3.Demand dynamics understanding and realistic market forecast development, 4. Commercialization strategy support for lead candidate(s).

IAVI

1. Understand likely use cases, delivery strategies, target populations, and drivers of preference and adoption; 2. Project demand; 3. Evaluate potential willingness to pay and budget impact; 4. Explore innovative financing mechanisms;

TBVacMod

Estimate the health impact of introducing a prevention of disease vaccine for adult and adolescents in moderate to high TB burden countries. Explore different vaccine introduction scenarios based on input from country stakeholders, including national TB program and immunization program officials, on priority groups for vaccination and likely vaccine coverage. The project's key questions include: 1) who are the priority groups in different countries and what is expected level of vaccine coverage in those groups 2) how will vaccine impact differ in different introduction scenarios (vary age, priority group, coverage)

Global TB vaccine R&D roadmap

2022
The purpose of the Global roadmap for research and development (R&D) of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines is to provide global stakeholders – researchers, funders, industry, regulatory authorities, policy decision-makers and civil society – with actionable priorities to guide their activities. The roadmap primarily focuses on developing and delivering affordable and effective vaccines for use in low- and middle income countries with a high incidence of TB, in line with the World Health Organisation (WHO) goals outlined below. However, such vaccines may also be useful to protect high-risk populations or groups in high-income/low incidence countries. The roadmap integrates and aligns strategic planning and innovation towards a shared vision with associated short-, medium- and long-term priorities for global TB vaccine development. The roadmap covers the entire R&D chain, with an emphasis on late-stage development and implementation.

A model for the epidemiological impact of tuberculosis policy options

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Develops a new TB transmission model to help decision-makers comapre the epidemiological impact of different TB interventions and allocate resources. The model incorporates diagnosis, treatment, drug resistance, HIV status, age, and vaccination status, and was calibrated using data from 29 high burden countries. It demonstrates the potential impact of comprehensive TB interventions in Indonesia and Nigeria, including the possible use of a post-exposure TB vaccine
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