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Potential implications of reduced tuberculosis vaccine efficacy in those with undernutrition on overall vaccine impact in India

Nutritional status is a leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). In India up to half of all TB episodes are attributed to undernutrition. Given the impact of nutrition on the immune system, vaccine characteristics such as efficacy and duration of protection could vary depending on nutritional status. Therefore, previous vaccine impact estimates may be overestimated. We re estimated vaccine impact in India with reduced efficacy with undernutrition

Evolution of Tuberculosis Vaccine Modelling studies: Insights from studies in India

Focusing on India, we performed a scoping review to identify and evaluate studies that have used mathematical modeling to assess the epidemiological and economic impact of TB vaccine introduction in India

Enhancing community engagement in tuberculosis vaccine delivery among key populations: A qualitative study

This qualitative study investigated methods to enhance community engagement in TB vaccine delivery among Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Willingness to receive a future TB vaccine among pregnant women living in Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, and Pakistan

Our study assessed the willingness of pregnant women across four countries - Brazil, Ghana, Kenya, and Pakistan to receive a future TB vaccine.

The implications of using different time horizons when evaluating investment to prevent infectious disease

Hypothetical vaccines

A lifetime time horizon is conventional for cost-effectiveness analysis, but not routine for transmission-dynamic modeling, given uncertainty in future epidemiological dynamics and high computation costs. We demonstrate implications of alternative analytic time horizons with a case study of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine introduction

IGRA prevalence study

2024-2025

A cross-sectional study to determine IGRA positivity rate to assess eligibility for participation in tuberculosis (TB) vaccine efficacy trials

Insights into TB vaccine acceptability among adolescents in Khayelitsha through community engagement

Initially designed as an internal assessment of the impact of engagement workshops, we used short surveys to understand high-school learner perspectives of vaccines, focusing on COVID 19, TB and HIV vaccines. Between 2022 and 2024, we collected responses from 350 adolescents (14-18 years old). All participants live in Khayelitsha, where high rates of TB (4224 cases notified in the last year) intersect with socio-economic challenges

Modelling to estimate the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV

2023-2024

Hypothetical vaccines

This project will inform tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts by estimating the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV (PLHIV) using a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission model. HIV confers the largest relative risk of TB, and new TB vaccines could be an important tool to prevent TB; however, modelling studies have not systematically investigated how new vaccines will affect TB burden in PLHIV. In stage 1 of this project, we aim to investigate TB vaccine impact in PLHIV where vaccine product characteristics and delivery vary by recipient HIV status. In stage 2, we aim to quantify how complex vaccine targeting strategies and incorporating additional granularity in HIV/AIDS natural history might affect vaccine impact estimates in PLHIV

New tuberculosis vaccines are in late-stage trials, but how confident is the public in high burden countries in vaccines?

With tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates in late-stage trials, it is important to prepare for implementation to avoid delays upon licensure. General confidence in vaccines has been identified as an anticipated barrier to introducing new TB vaccines. In the absence of detailed TB specific vaccine acceptability and confidence data, we analysed currently available vaccine confidence data in countries appearing on one of the World Health Organization (WHO) high burden lists to investigate vaccine confidence in countries with a high TB burden

FAST-TB MOD

2023-2026

Hypothetical vaccines

FAST-TB population and cost-effectiveness modelling core: This project will accelerate tuberculosis (TB) research translation by using mathematical modelling to address key priority questions as part of FAST TB, linking an expanded state-of-the-art modelling framework with country level data and cross consortium communication around new TB treatment regimens, diagnostics and other interventions.