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Accessibility

Accessibility refers to equitable delivery aimed at all who could benefit from a new TB vaccine for adults and adolescents. This includes defined implementation strategies, having delivery systems and sustainable financing strategies in place. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Includion of young adolescents in policy development for new tuberculosis vaccines

2026

M72/AS01e, MTBVAC

Reviews the inclusion of young adolescents aged 9-14 years in policy development for new TB vaccines, including the potential benefits of adolescent vaccination, evidence requirements, trial design, implementation considerations, and integration with existing adolescent vaccination programmes

How to introduce new TB vaccine in adolescents and adults: Insights from Key Stakeholders in Mozambique, Southern Africa

2024-2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Assesses stakeholder perspectives on introducing a new TB vaccine in Mozambique, including with high-risk groups should be prioritised, challenges in reaching different populations, expected vaccine uptake and coverage, and appropriate delivery stategies.

Target Tuberculosis vaccination strategies in the United States

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Uses a mathematical model to evaluate targeted TB vaccination strategies in the United States. The study examines which high-risk groups should be prioritised for a future adult TB vaccine, including people living with HIV, people with medical comorbidities, and people born outside the United States

Accelerating research and development of new vaccines against tuberculosis

2021-2025

Hypothetical vaccines

Reviews progress since the 2021 Global TB Vaccine R&D Roadmap and identifies remaining actions needed to accelerate availability, access and uptake of new TB vaccines

Preparing for Tuberculosis Vaccine M72/AS01E Implementation

2026

M72/AS01e

This correction relates to the global demand forecast for the potential implementation of the M72/AS01E TB vaccine

Insights on the implementation strategies for a potential new tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Examines how a potential new TB vaccine could be introduced in South Africa. Interviews with 26 stakeholders explored implementation priorities, target populations, vaccine price, cost-effectiveness, regulatory approval, financing, procurement, delivery logistics, vaccine acceptability and lessons from existing vaccination programmes.

Advancing national preparedness for the introduction of novel tuberculosis vaccines in South Africa

2025-2026

M72/AS01e, MTBVAC

The workshop aimed to align stakeholders on priority populations and delivery strategies for future TB vaccines, identify evidence needs to inform national policy decision-making, and outline actions required to ensure timely and equitable introduction.

How can new TB vaccines be effectively introduced in Indonesia?

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Explores how Indonesia could prepare for and successfully introduce a new adult TB vaccine. It brought together 28 stakeholders form TB, immunisation and international organisations to examine potential target popualtions, delievery strategies, financing , vaccine accpetability, helath system readinessfor vaccine introduction

Supporting countries with prioritization of new vaccine introductions (NVI) and portfolio optimization

Support countries with using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for prioritization of new vaccine introductions (NVI) (including new TB vaccines) and portfolio optimization, embedded in the NIS development process. The project's key questions are: 1. How can we best support countries with NVI including new TB vaccine prioritization regarding access to evidence, tools, technical support? 2. What criteria do countries use when prioritizing NVIs? 3. How to best align NVI prioritization with the NIS development process.

Protecting investment in TB vaccine R&D and health systems amid debt distress and reform

IMF analysis reveals 51 countries with moderate-to-high risk of sovereign debt distress and 9 countries in debt distress: unable to fulfill financial obligations to lenders. For many high-TB burden countries, yearly debt servicing now exceeds domestic revenue – forcing countries to cut expenditure on health. Based on a literature review and engagement with World Bank/IMF, this abstract presents a policy analysis of the implications of sovereign debt distress on TB vaccine readiness and proposes debt relief and reform as innovative financial tools for creating fiscal space for government investment in vaccine R&D and implementation