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Availability

Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Epidemiologic study to assess the IGRA positivity in populations with a high TB

2021 - 2024
Ongoing
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine efficacy trials evaluating prevention of disease must be feasible in size and duration and would ideally take place at clinical trial sites that enroll from communities with the highest incidence rates. In preparation for the Phase 3 trial of the investigational M72/AS01E-4 vaccine, we conducted a multi-country study, using interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity as a proxy for expected incidence of TB. In addition to the above objects, the results from this study could help in in new vaccine introduction to identfy TB hotspot areas.

Scoping Community Interventions to Support New TB Vaccine Introduction: From Grassroots Partnerships to Global Policymaking

2024-2025
Planned
To assess the role of communities and civil society in shaping TB vaccine introduction policies, implementation and equitable access. Aim 1: Map the structures, networks, and major players active in TB civil society and overlay these with the policy pipeline for new TB vaccines. Aim 1: Map the structures, networks, and major players active in TB civil society and overlay these with the policy pipeline for new TB vaccines. Aim 2: work with members of the regional community advisory boards (rCABs) established with support from the USAID-funded SMART4TB project to produce country policy portraits illustrating how TB and immunization policy is made in selected countries and the points where community and civil society actors can intervene. Aim 3: work with the rCAB in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region to explore interventions by community and civil society to ensure equitable access to new TB vaccines. All three Aims will be completed in relation to the ECVP and the Global Framework for Country Introduction of New TB Vaccines.

Evaluating vaccination strategies for tuberculosis in endemic and non-endemic settings

2019
Hypothetical vaccines
Completed
We propose a continuous age-structured model for the epidemiology of tuberculosis with pre- and post-exposure vaccination. We use uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to make predictions about the efficacy of different vaccination strategies in a non-endemic setting (United States) and an endemic setting (Cambodia). In particular, we determine optimal age groups to target for pre-exposure and post-exposure vaccination in both settings.

Feasibility of novel adult tuberculosis vaccination in South Africa: a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis

2022
M72/AS01e
Completed
We conducted expert interviews to identify plausible vaccination implementation strategies for the novel M72/AS01E vaccine candidate. The strategies were defined in terms of target population, coverage, vaccination schedule and delivery mode. We modelled these strategies to estimate long-term resource requirements and health benefits arising from vaccination over 2025–2050.
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