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Availability

Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Research overview-2025: integrating scientific progress to accelerate global tuberculosis elimination

2025-2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Reviews scientific progress in tuberculosis research during 2025 and discusses how advances across different areas can contribute to accelerating global TB eliminated including progress in tuberculosis vaccine development

Target Tuberculosis vaccination strategies in the United States

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Uses a mathematical model to evaluate targeted TB vaccination strategies in the United States. The study examines which high-risk groups should be prioritised for a future adult TB vaccine, including people living with HIV, people with medical comorbidities, and people born outside the United States

Accelerating research and development of new vaccines against tuberculosis

2021-2025

Hypothetical vaccines

Reviews progress since the 2021 Global TB Vaccine R&D Roadmap and identifies remaining actions needed to accelerate availability, access and uptake of new TB vaccines

Insights on the implementation strategies for a potential new tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Examines how a potential new TB vaccine could be introduced in South Africa. Interviews with 26 stakeholders explored implementation priorities, target populations, vaccine price, cost-effectiveness, regulatory approval, financing, procurement, delivery logistics, vaccine acceptability and lessons from existing vaccination programmes.

Estimating the population impact of new tuberculosis vaccines depending on efficacy against infectious asymptomatic tuberculosis:

2026

Hypothetical vaccines, M72/AS01e

Uses a dynamic TB transmission model to estimate how the population impact of future TB vaccines changes depending on whether vaccines prevent progression to infectious symptomatic TB only, all infectious TB, or all TB disease.

TB vaccine development: monitoring international patent filings to anticipate access challenges

2025-2026

M72/AS01e, MTBVAC

Maps international patent filings for two late-stage TB vaccine candidates, MTBVAC and M72/AS01E, as well as the QS-21 adjuvant used in M72/AS01E

Advancing national preparedness for the introduction of novel tuberculosis vaccines in South Africa

2025-2026

M72/AS01e, MTBVAC

The workshop aimed to align stakeholders on priority populations and delivery strategies for future TB vaccines, identify evidence needs to inform national policy decision-making, and outline actions required to ensure timely and equitable introduction.

Tuberculosis policy should shift focus to population-level interventions for greatest impact

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Uses mathematical modelling to compare the population-level health and economic impacts of TB interventions in Brazil, India and South Africa. It highlights mass vaccination and community-wide screening as interventions with the potential for substantial epidemiological impact.

Cost and Cost Effectiveness of Novel Tuberculosis Vaccines in Low-and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review of Modelling Studies

Hypothetical vaccines, M72/AS01e

This review addressed the costs and cost-effectiveness of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines compared to the current standard of care (BCG) in various settings and for different age groups in LMICs

The potential impact of novel tuberculosis vaccine introduction on economic growth in low- and middle-income countries

2023

Hypothetical vaccines

Estimates the potential economic impact of introducing novel TB vaccines in 105 low- and middle- income countries. It compares ifnant and adolescents/ adult vaccination scenarios and models their effects on TB- related mortality, morbidity, healthcare costs and GDP. Finding support decision making on the future development and introduciton of novel TB vaccines