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Availability

Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Preparing the landscape for TB vaccines: South Africa’s strategic planning

Ongoing
The South African TB Think Tank is a national collaboration of TB stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and civil society. Chaired by the Chief Director of the National TB Programme (NTP), members consolidate TB research through several technical task teams, providing evidenced-based policy recommendations to the Department of Health. To support the national TB vaccine initiative, the TB Think Tank provided recommendations for the recently released NTP Strategic Plan, 2023-28

Forecasting TB vaccine demand to support supply and procurement planning

Ongoing
We present insights from two workshops with global health funders, academics, and in country TB and vaccine decision-makers and estimates of potential global demand for TB vaccines using a bottom-up, constrained demand forecasting model. The model was informed by the workshops, publicly available target product profile, landscape assessment of vaccines in development, information from proxy vaccines sourced from the WHO databases and peer reviewed literature, and interviews with TB and vaccine experts

Modelling to estimate the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV

2023-2024
Hypothetical vaccine
Ongoing
This project will inform tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts by estimating the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV (PLHIV) using a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission model. HIV confers the largest relative risk of TB, and new TB vaccines could be an important tool to prevent TB; however, modelling studies have not systematically investigated how new vaccines will affect TB burden in PLHIV. In stage 1 of this project, we aim to investigate TB vaccine impact in PLHIV where vaccine product characteristics and delivery vary by recipient HIV status. In stage 2, we aim to quantify how complex vaccine targeting strategies and incorporating additional granularity in HIV/AIDS natural history might affect vaccine impact estimates in PLHIV

Financing and policy innovation to advance TB vaccines through licensure: A G20 policy proposal

Ongoing
The authors developed two T20 policy briefs proposing recommendations to enhance G20 leadership and bring TB vaccines through licensure: Investment Toolbox to Advance TB Vaccine R&D through Joint Action (2023); and Elevating Leadership of HBC G20 States in TB Vaccine R&D and Delivery (2024). The briefs were informed by extensive literature research and aligned with global initiatives for TB and TB vaccine R&D.

FAST-TB MOD

2023-2026
Hypothetical vaccine
Ongoing
FAST-TB population and cost-effectiveness modelling core: This project will accelerate tuberculosis (TB) research translation by using mathematical modelling to address key priority questions as part of FAST TB, linking an expanded state-of-the-art modelling framework with country level data and cross consortium communication around new TB treatment regimens, diagnostics and other interventions.

Creating evidence to support tuberculosis (TB) national and global decision-makers in reducing the global burden of TB

2024-2028
Hypothetical vaccine
Ongoing
In strong collaboration, we (India, South Africa, Brazil, Indonesia, UK) will create evidence to strengthen capacity and sustainably support high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries (HBC) and global decision-makers in reducing the global burden of TB, by using modelling tools to address key questions on drug-resistant (DR-)TB, new TB vaccines and other interventions, and extend and apply a state-of-the-art TB model, to estimate the relative health, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact, of new and existing interventions, as well as their optimal combination.

Prep4TBVax

2023-2025
M72/AS01e, MTBVAC
Planned
New TB vaccines are likely to be crucial in addressing the ongoing TB pandemic. With multiple promising vaccine candidates in the pipeline and the earliest availability of a candidate expected by 2028, it is of outmost importance that once available, the vaccine can be implemented rapidly and effectively. Limited research has looked at the delivery strategies available to provide a new TB vaccine to beneficiaries and therefore, this study assesses the acceptability and feasibility of delivery strategies for the vaccine candidates M72/AS01e and MTBVAC in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tajikistan.

Potential implications of reduced tuberculosis vaccine efficacy in those with undernutrition on overall vaccine impact in India

Hypothetical vaccine
Ongoing
Nutritional status is a leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). In India up to half of all TB episodes are attributed to undernutrition. Given the impact of nutrition on the immune system, vaccine characteristics such as efficacy and duration of protection could vary depending on nutritional status. Therefore, previous vaccine impact estimates may be overestimated. We re estimated vaccine impact in India with reduced efficacy with undernutrition
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