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Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Cost-effectiveness of routine adolescent vaccination with an M72/AS01E-like tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa and India

2022

We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of six scenarios of routine adolescent M72/AS01E-like vaccination in South Africa and India.

Affordability of adult tuberculosis vaccination in India and China: A dynamic transmission model-based analysis

2021

M72/AS01e

Completed

To estimate the total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted by the vaccination programme, we simulated a 50% efficacy vaccine providing 10-years of protection in post-infection populations between 2027 and 2050 in India and China using a dynamic transmission model of M. tuberculosis.

Global TB vaccine partnership

2011-2023

Ongoing

The Global Tuberculosis Vaccine Partnership (GTBVP) is a forum for key stakeholders in TB vaccine R&D to identify and address barriers impeding TB vaccine R&D and to discuss R&D priorities in order to help inform funding decisions

Epidemiologic study to assess the IGRA positivity in populations with a high TB

2021 - 2024

M72/AS01e

Ongoing

Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine efficacy trials evaluating prevention of disease must be feasible in size and duration and would ideally take place at clinical trial sites that enroll from communities with the highest incidence rates. In preparation for the Phase 3 trial of the investigational M72/AS01E-4 vaccine, we conducted a multi-country study, using interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity as a proxy for expected incidence of TB. In addition to the above objects, the results from this study could help in in new vaccine introduction to identfy TB hotspot areas.

Modelling the global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis avertable by a post-exposure vaccine

2021

M72/AS01e

Completed

Using mathematical models, we seek to estimate the potential impact of a post-exposure TB vaccine, having 50% efficacy in reducing active disease, on global rifampicin-resistant (RR-) TB burden.

Impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries.

2014

Hypothetical vaccines

Completed

To aid in prioritizing the development of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines most likely to reach the 2050 TB elimination goal, we estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of a range of vaccine profiles in low- and middle-income countries.

Is neglect of self-clearance biasing TB vaccine impact estimates?

2023

Hypothetical vaccines

Completed

exploring the inclusion of self-clearance in models of tuberculosis affects the estimates of vaccine impact in China and India

The full value of vaccine assessments concept—current opportunities and recommendations

2024

Completed

Building on the success of the recent applications of the FVVA framework, we see important new opportunities to maximize the future utility of FVVAs to country and global stakeholders and provide a proof-of-concept for analyses in other areas of disease control and prevention.

Bridging the gap: evaluating high TB burden country data needs to support the potential introduction of TB vaccines for adolescents and adults: a workshop report

2024

Completed

A workshop to asked high TB burden country experts about what epidemiological, impact, feasibility and acceptability data they anticipated they would need to guide TB vaccine introduction.

Modelling the health and economic impacts of M72/AS01E vaccination and BCG-revaccination: estimates for South Africa

2023

BCG revaccination, M72/AS01e

Completed

we used a mathematical model to estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of M72/AS01E and BCG-revaccination in South Africa under a range of vaccine characteristics and delivery assumptions