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People living with HIV

Targeted Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccination Strategies in the United States: A Modeling Study

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the United States has remained elevated above pre-pandemic levels since 2021, with over 85% of cases resulting from reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. New vaccines that would prevent TB in adults are under development, but the potential health impact of a program prioritizing non-U.S.-born persons and persons with medical comorbidities, including persons living with HIV (PLWH), has not been evaluated.

Acceptability of and confidence in novel tuberculosis vaccines among adults living with HIV

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Objective: Several novel tuberculosis vaccines (NTVs) are being evaluated in clinical trials. Understanding the perception of acceptability and confidence in NTVs will inform implementation strategies. Conclusion: NTV acceptability was high amongst these PWH, and they preferred community-based delivery models. Our findings may inform strategies to increase implementation of NTVs among PWH in South Africa.

Global impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis interventions

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
The modelling study compares the population-level impact and cost-effectiveness of TB vaccination with other TB interventions. It models vaccination scale-up in Brazil, India, and South Africa and estimates that vaccination could prevent 15-28% of symptomatic TB episodes by 2050. It provides evidence to inform investment, policy, and planning for future TB vaccine introduction and scale-up.

Advancing evidence-informed in-country decision-making for new TB vaccine introduction: A responsive and integrated vaccine modelling approach from India

Hypothetical vaccines
As new TB vaccines move into late-stage development, it is imperative for high-burden countries like India to ensure timely and effective evidence-generation to inform decision-making and accelerate vaccine development and introduction. To enable this, an in-country vaccine mathematical modelling effort has been initiated in India.

Modelling to estimate the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV

2023-2024
Hypothetical vaccines
This project will inform tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts by estimating the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV (PLHIV) using a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission model. HIV confers the largest relative risk of TB, and new TB vaccines could be an important tool to prevent TB; however, modelling studies have not systematically investigated how new vaccines will affect TB burden in PLHIV. In stage 1 of this project, we aim to investigate TB vaccine impact in PLHIV where vaccine product characteristics and delivery vary by recipient HIV status. In stage 2, we aim to quantify how complex vaccine targeting strategies and incorporating additional granularity in HIV/AIDS natural history might affect vaccine impact estimates in PLHIV
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