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People living with HIV

Advancing national preparedness for the introduction of novel tuberculosis vaccines in South Africa

2025-2026

The workshop aimed to align stakeholders on priority populations and delivery strategies for future TB vaccines, identify evidence needs to inform national policy decision-making, and outline actions required to ensure timely and equitable introduction.

Target Tuberculosis vaccination strategies in the United States

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Uses a mathematical model to evaluate targeted TB vaccination strategies in the United States. The study examines which high-risk groups should be prioritised for a future adult TB vaccine, including people living with HIV, people with medical comorbidities, and people born outside the United States

Insights on the implementation strategies for a potential new tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Examines how a potential new TB vaccine could be introduced in South Africa. Interviews with 26 stakeholders explored implementation priorities, target populations, vaccine price, cost-effectiveness, regulatory approval, financing, procurement, delivery logistics, vaccine acceptability and lessons from existing vaccination programmes.

New Tuberculosis vaccines for people with HIV

2025

Hypothetical vaccines

Mathematical modelling study assessing how different strategies for vaccinating people with and without HIV could reduce TB cases among people with HIV in high HIV/TB burden countries

How can new TB vaccines be effectively introduced in Indonesia?

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Explores how Indonesia could prepare for and successfully introduce a new adult TB vaccine. It brought together 28 stakeholders form TB, immunisation and international organisations to examine potential target popualtions, delievery strategies, financing , vaccine accpetability, helath system readinessfor vaccine introduction

Global impact and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis interventions

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

The modelling study compares the population-level impact and cost-effectiveness of TB vaccination with other TB interventions. It models vaccination scale-up in Brazil, India, and South Africa and estimates that vaccination could prevent 15-28% of symptomatic TB episodes by 2050. It provides evidence to inform investment, policy, and planning for future TB vaccine introduction and scale-up.

Advancing evidence-informed in-country decision-making for new TB vaccine introduction: A responsive and integrated vaccine modelling approach from India

Hypothetical vaccines

As new TB vaccines move into late-stage development, it is imperative for high-burden countries like India to ensure timely and effective evidence-generation to inform decision-making and accelerate vaccine development and introduction. To enable this, an in-country vaccine mathematical modelling effort has been initiated in India.

Acceptability of and confidence in novel tuberculosis vaccines among adults living with HIV

2026

Hypothetical vaccines

Objective: Several novel tuberculosis vaccines (NTVs) are being evaluated in clinical trials. Understanding the perception of acceptability and confidence in NTVs will inform implementation strategies. Conclusion: NTV acceptability was high amongst these PWH, and they preferred community-based delivery models. Our findings may inform strategies to increase implementation of NTVs among PWH in South Africa.

Modelling to estimate the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV

2023-2024

Hypothetical vaccines

This project will inform tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts by estimating the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV (PLHIV) using a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission model. HIV confers the largest relative risk of TB, and new TB vaccines could be an important tool to prevent TB; however, modelling studies have not systematically investigated how new vaccines will affect TB burden in PLHIV. In stage 1 of this project, we aim to investigate TB vaccine impact in PLHIV where vaccine product characteristics and delivery vary by recipient HIV status. In stage 2, we aim to quantify how complex vaccine targeting strategies and incorporating additional granularity in HIV/AIDS natural history might affect vaccine impact estimates in PLHIV

Prep4TBVax

2023-2025

M72/AS01e, MTBVAC

New TB vaccines are likely to be crucial in addressing the ongoing TB pandemic. With multiple promising vaccine candidates in the pipeline and the earliest availability of a candidate expected by 2028, it is of outmost importance that once available, the vaccine can be implemented rapidly and effectively. Limited research has looked at the delivery strategies available to provide a new TB vaccine to beneficiaries and therefore, this study assesses the acceptability and feasibility of delivery strategies for the vaccine candidates M72/AS01e and MTBVAC in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tajikistan.