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Prevention of disease

Prevention of disease refers to the ability of the vaccine to protect individuals from becoming sick from the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria after exposure to it. It does not necessarily prevent a person from getting infected with the TB bacteria.

Targeted Tuberculosis (TB) Vaccination Strategies in the United States: A Modeling Study

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in the United States has remained elevated above pre-pandemic levels since 2021, with over 85% of cases resulting from reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. New vaccines that would prevent TB in adults are under development, but the potential health impact of a program prioritizing non-U.S.-born persons and persons with medical comorbidities, including persons living with HIV (PLWH), has not been evaluated.

Assessing the readiness of communities and civil society to contribute to new TB vaccine policy making and implementation

2024-2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Three-part study to assess the readiness of community and civil society to contribute to TB vaccine policymaking and implementation at national, regional, and global levels, and the investments funders should make to strengthen community capacity and engagement. 1) No Vaccines Without Us: A Global Landscape Analysis of Civil Society Engagement in TB Vaccine Preparedness is based on a global survey of 125 civil society organizations active in the TB response in 42 countries. 2) Country Policy Portraits, written by local activists, illustrate how vaccine policy is made in seven countries — Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi, Mongolia, South Africa, and Vietnam — and propose reforms to strengthen the representation of community partners in national immunization decision making. 3) TB Vaccine Access in “4D”: A Roadmap Charting Civil Society Actions for Equitable Access outlines a series of actions civil society can take to assure access to new TB vaccines along four dimensions: development, delivery, demand, and data.

Tuberculosis Integrated Model-Based Evidence and Recommendations (TIMBER) for robust TB vaccine decision-making by National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) in Africa.

2025 - 2028
Hypothetical vaccines
The TIMBER study is a multi-country research study aimed at strengthening the use of model-based evidence to support national decision-making on the introduction of new TB vaccines in Africa. The study brings together National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs), policymakers, researchers, modellers and other stakeholders in South Africa, Kenya and The Gambia to co-create models and explore how modelling can be used effectively within the WHO Evidence-to-Recommendation process. TIMBER will generate country-specific evidence, strengthen capacity for using modelling in vaccine policy decisions, and develop practical approaches to support timely, evidence-informed introduction of new TB vaccines.

Stakeholder perspectives on the potential introduction of a novel tuberculosis vaccine for adolescents and adults in Pakistan: A qualitative study

2024-2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge globally, with Pakistan ranking among the highest TB burden countries worldwide. Although several novel TB vaccine candidates for adolescents and adults are advancing through late-stage clinical trials, little is known about how these vaccines may be introduced in high-burden settings such as Pakistan. Understanding stakeholder perspectives is crucial for informing early implementation planning and policy development
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