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Prevention of infection

Prevention of infection refers to the ability of the vaccine to protect individuals from becoming infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacteria. A person cannot get TB disease if this person does not get infected. A person who is already infected with the TB bacteria prior to vaccination, may still develop TB disease in this case.

ZAMSA-TB: Advancing epidemiological methods for surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

2024-2028
Hypothetical vaccines, M72/AS01e
Multi-country study developing and validating clinic-based convenience sampling of Mtb immunoreactivity (IGRA) in children aged 1-5 as a sentinel measure of recent TB transmission. Outputs include geospatial identification of high-transmission neighbourhoods to target adult/adolescent vaccine delivery, and Monte Carlo simulations to size convenience-sampling surveys able to detect population-level vaccine effectiveness during roll-out.

Advancing evidence-informed in-country decision-making for new TB vaccine introduction: A responsive and integrated vaccine modelling approach from India

Hypothetical vaccines
As new TB vaccines move into late-stage development, it is imperative for high-burden countries like India to ensure timely and effective evidence-generation to inform decision-making and accelerate vaccine development and introduction. To enable this, an in-country vaccine mathematical modelling effort has been initiated in India.

A model for the epidemiological impact of tuberculosis policy options

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Develops a new TB transmission model to help decision-makers comapre the epidemiological impact of different TB interventions and allocate resources. The model incorporates diagnosis, treatment, drug resistance, HIV status, age, and vaccination status, and was calibrated using data from 29 high burden countries. It demonstrates the potential impact of comprehensive TB interventions in Indonesia and Nigeria, including the possible use of a post-exposure TB vaccine

The potential impact of novel tuberculosis vaccine introduction on economic growth in low- and middle-income countries

2023
Hypothetical vaccines
Estimates the potential economic impact of introducing novel TB vaccines in 105 low- and middle- income countries. It compares ifnant and adolescents/ adult vaccination scenarios and models their effects on TB- related mortality, morbidity, healthcare costs and GDP. Finding support decision making on the future development and introduciton of novel TB vaccines
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