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Acceptability

Acceptability refers to meeting the policymakers, end-users, and health system requirements for a new TB vaccine for adults and adolescents. This  includes defining values from various populations, engaging communities as partners in decision-making, and having robust communication strategies in place. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

ZAMSA-TB: Advancing epidemiological methods for surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

2024-2028
Hypothetical vaccines, M72/AS01e
Multi-country study developing and validating clinic-based convenience sampling of Mtb immunoreactivity (IGRA) in children aged 1-5 as a sentinel measure of recent TB transmission. Outputs include geospatial identification of high-transmission neighbourhoods to target adult/adolescent vaccine delivery, and Monte Carlo simulations to size convenience-sampling surveys able to detect population-level vaccine effectiveness during roll-out.

Assessing the readiness of communities and civil society to contribute to new TB vaccine policy making and implementation

2024-2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Three-part study to assess the readiness of community and civil society to contribute to TB vaccine policymaking and implementation at national, regional, and global levels, and the investments funders should make to strengthen community capacity and engagement. 1) No Vaccines Without Us: A Global Landscape Analysis of Civil Society Engagement in TB Vaccine Preparedness is based on a global survey of 125 civil society organizations active in the TB response in 42 countries. 2) Country Policy Portraits, written by local activists, illustrate how vaccine policy is made in seven countries — Bangladesh, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Malawi, Mongolia, South Africa, and Vietnam — and propose reforms to strengthen the representation of community partners in national immunization decision making. 3) TB Vaccine Access in “4D”: A Roadmap Charting Civil Society Actions for Equitable Access outlines a series of actions civil society can take to assure access to new TB vaccines along four dimensions: development, delivery, demand, and data.

Tuberculosis Integrated Model-Based Evidence and Recommendations (TIMBER) for robust TB vaccine decision-making by National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) in Africa.

2025 - 2028
Hypothetical vaccines
The TIMBER study is a multi-country research study aimed at strengthening the use of model-based evidence to support national decision-making on the introduction of new TB vaccines in Africa. The study brings together National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs), policymakers, researchers, modellers and other stakeholders in South Africa, Kenya and The Gambia to co-create models and explore how modelling can be used effectively within the WHO Evidence-to-Recommendation process. TIMBER will generate country-specific evidence, strengthen capacity for using modelling in vaccine policy decisions, and develop practical approaches to support timely, evidence-informed introduction of new TB vaccines.

Stakeholder perspectives on the potential introduction of a novel tuberculosis vaccine for adolescents and adults in Pakistan: A qualitative study

2024-2026
Hypothetical vaccines
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge globally, with Pakistan ranking among the highest TB burden countries worldwide. Although several novel TB vaccine candidates for adolescents and adults are advancing through late-stage clinical trials, little is known about how these vaccines may be introduced in high-burden settings such as Pakistan. Understanding stakeholder perspectives is crucial for informing early implementation planning and policy development
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