Availability Archives - Page 4 of 8

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Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Navigating the unknown: Ensuring equitable TB vaccine access to maximize health impact

2024

A scoping literature review is underway to identify key principles and strategies from existing vaccine allocation frameworks. The review focuses on vaccines utilized in routine and emergency contexts, including malaria, COVID-19, dengue, and meningococcal vaccines, among others.

Potential implications of reduced tuberculosis vaccine efficacy in those with undernutrition on overall vaccine impact in India

Hypothetical vaccines

Nutritional status is a leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). In India up to half of all TB episodes are attributed to undernutrition. Given the impact of nutrition on the immune system, vaccine characteristics such as efficacy and duration of protection could vary depending on nutritional status. Therefore, previous vaccine impact estimates may be overestimated. We re estimated vaccine impact in India with reduced efficacy with undernutrition

Evolution of Tuberculosis Vaccine Modelling studies: Insights from studies in India

Focusing on India, we performed a scoping review to identify and evaluate studies that have used mathematical modeling to assess the epidemiological and economic impact of TB vaccine introduction in India

The implications of using different time horizons when evaluating investment to prevent infectious disease

Hypothetical vaccines

A lifetime time horizon is conventional for cost-effectiveness analysis, but not routine for transmission-dynamic modeling, given uncertainty in future epidemiological dynamics and high computation costs. We demonstrate implications of alternative analytic time horizons with a case study of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine introduction

The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug resistant tuberculosis in India and China

2021

Hypothetical vaccines

We investigated the epidemiologic impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of hypothetical novel prophylactic prevention of disease TB vaccines on RR/MDR-TB in China and India.

Epidemiologic study to assess the IGRA positivity in populations with a high TB

2021 - 2024

M72/AS01e

Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine efficacy trials evaluating prevention of disease must be feasible in size and duration and would ideally take place at clinical trial sites that enroll from communities with the highest incidence rates. In preparation for the Phase 3 trial of the investigational M72/AS01E-4 vaccine, we conducted a multi-country study, using interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity as a proxy for expected incidence of TB. In addition to the above objects, the results from this study could help in in new vaccine introduction to identfy TB hotspot areas.

New tuberculosis vaccines in India: Modelling the potential health and economic impacts of adolescent/adult vaccination with M72/AS01E and BCG-revaccination

2023

BCG revaccination, M72/AS01e

We estimated the potential health and economic impact of M72/AS01E and BCG-revaccination in India and investigated the impact of variation in vaccine characteristics and delivery strategies.

Potential impact of spatially targeted adult tuberculosis vaccine in Gujarat, India

2016

Hypothetical vaccines

we aimed to estimate the impact of vaccine delivery strategies that were targeted to high-incidence geographical 'hotspots' compared with randomly allocated vaccination. We developed a spatially explicit mathematical model of TB transmission that distinguished these hotspots from the general population.

The health and economic benefits possible with novel tuberculosis vaccines – A modeling study in India and Indonesia

2021

M72/AS01e

We estimated gains possible with novel post-exposure vaccines, in India and Indonesia. We modeled vaccine impact on TB incidence, TB mortality, and on national income growth and the intrinsic value of living longer, known as Full-income.

Making wider use of the world’s most widely used vaccine: Bacille Calmette-Guerin revaccination reconsidered

2013

BCG revaccination

This paper assesses the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of revaccinating adolescents in a setting with intense transmission—Cape Town, South Africa.