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Availability

Availability refers to sufficient, sustainable and timely supply of new TB vaccines for adults and adolescents. This includes having demand assessed for different population groups, defining policy and evidence needs, and having procurement plans in plans. This follows from the WHO global framework for country introduction of new adolescent and adult TB vaccines (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-global-framework-to-prepare-for-country-introduction-of-new-tb-vaccines-for-adults-and-adolescents)

Evaluating infectious disease prevention over the long term: implications of analytic horizon and scenario choices

2026
Hypothetical vaccines
A lifetime time horizon is conventional for cost-effectiveness analysis, but not routine for transmission-dynamic modeling given uncertainty in epidemiological dynamics and high computational costs. We demonstrate how choices about time horizon and analytic scenarios can influence cost-effectiveness estimates, using a case study of novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccine introduction.

Tuberculosis Vaccine Accelerator Council

In January 2023, WHO’s Director-General announced plans to establish a TB vaccine accelerator Council to facilitate the development, testing, authorization, and use of new TB vaccines, drawing on lessons learned from the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The establishment meeting of the Council took place on 20 September 2023, on the occasion of the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, in the lead up to the Second United Nations High-level Meeting on TB.The Council is anticipated to work in multiple ways. These includeidentifying needs for, and types of innovative sustainable financial solutions, as well as partnerships between the public, private and philanthropic sectors that can expedite the translation of science into TB vaccines, and ensure their equitable access once available; identifying market solutions to incentivize TB vaccine development, and to ensure that the R&D ecosystem is positioned to rapidly manufacture and distribute vaccines equitably and at scale, once they are available; and advocating with decision makers in the public, private, philanthropy and other relevant sectors to strengthen commitment and concerted action to develop and expand access to novel effective TB vaccines, including through political platforms such as the African Union, ASEAN, BRICS, G20, G7 and others.

Scoping Community Interventions to Support New TB Vaccine Introduction: From Grassroots Partnerships to Global Policymaking

2024-2025
To assess the role of communities and civil society in shaping TB vaccine introduction policies, implementation and equitable access. Aim 1: Map the structures, networks, and major players active in TB civil society and overlay these with the policy pipeline for new TB vaccines. Aim 1: Map the structures, networks, and major players active in TB civil society and overlay these with the policy pipeline for new TB vaccines. Aim 2: work with members of the regional community advisory boards (rCABs) established with support from the USAID-funded SMART4TB project to produce country policy portraits illustrating how TB and immunization policy is made in selected countries and the points where community and civil society actors can intervene. Aim 3: work with the rCAB in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region to explore interventions by community and civil society to ensure equitable access to new TB vaccines. All three Aims will be completed in relation to the ECVP and the Global Framework for Country Introduction of New TB Vaccines.

Preparing the landscape for TB vaccines: South Africa’s strategic planning

The South African TB Think Tank is a national collaboration of TB stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and civil society. Chaired by the Chief Director of the National TB Programme (NTP), members consolidate TB research through several technical task teams, providing evidenced-based policy recommendations to the Department of Health. To support the national TB vaccine initiative, the TB Think Tank provided recommendations for the recently released NTP Strategic Plan, 2023-28

IGRA prevalence study

2024-2025
 A cross-sectional study to determine IGRA positivity rate to assess eligibility for participation in tuberculosis (TB) vaccine efficacy trials

Forecasting TB vaccine demand to support supply and procurement planning

We present insights from two workshops with global health funders, academics, and in country TB and vaccine decision-makers and estimates of potential global demand for TB vaccines using a bottom-up, constrained demand forecasting model. The model was informed by the workshops, publicly available target product profile, landscape assessment of vaccines in development, information from proxy vaccines sourced from the WHO databases and peer reviewed literature, and interviews with TB and vaccine experts

Modelling to estimate the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV

2023-2024
Hypothetical vaccines
This project will inform tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts by estimating the health impact of novel tuberculosis vaccines on TB burden in people living with HIV (PLHIV) using a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission model. HIV confers the largest relative risk of TB, and new TB vaccines could be an important tool to prevent TB; however, modelling studies have not systematically investigated how new vaccines will affect TB burden in PLHIV. In stage 1 of this project, we aim to investigate TB vaccine impact in PLHIV where vaccine product characteristics and delivery vary by recipient HIV status. In stage 2, we aim to quantify how complex vaccine targeting strategies and incorporating additional granularity in HIV/AIDS natural history might affect vaccine impact estimates in PLHIV

Financing and policy innovation to advance TB vaccines through licensure: A G20 policy proposal

The authors developed two T20 policy briefs proposing recommendations to enhance G20 leadership and bring TB vaccines through licensure: Investment Toolbox to Advance TB Vaccine R&D through Joint Action (2023); and Elevating Leadership of HBC G20 States in TB Vaccine R&D and Delivery (2024). The briefs were informed by extensive literature research and aligned with global initiatives for TB and TB vaccine R&D.
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